atlanta black crackers

Some early victories behind the strong pitching of Snook Wellmaker kept the team afloat, but then Cum Posey signed him to a Homestead Grays contract in early June, and the ballclub floundered. Anyone can look up the history of the Braves and their players to learn more. [/fn], Due to the financial success the Black Crackers had in 1943, the club returned in 1944 with high expectations. Yahoo Public 1326785 - Atlanta Black Crackers | Fantasy ... A hat is a perfect thing to remind you about your favorite team. The whole park.”. Regular price $109.95 now $54.95. [fn]“Atlanta Black Crackers Test Mills Sunday,” The Garfieldian, 26 August 1937, 8; “Night Game in East Chicago,” Hammond Times, 27 August 1937, 18.[/fn]. Black Barons of Birmingham: The South's Greatest Negro ... - Page 162 The Atlanta Black Crackers were a professional Negro League baseball team that played mostly as a minor league team but were briefly a major negro league team as well. $12.95 03. [/fn] By the end of the summer season, the Black Crackers had played all over the South and had beaten teams from New Orleans to Florida and many places in between. [/fn], From 1928 to 1931, Atlanta had no league black team, but there were a number of local sandlot and semipro clubs that kept black baseball alive. We publish narratives intentionally and specifically to enlighten and transform the world. Embroidered Baseball Hat with Adjustable Strap in Polo Style (Black), Large. In the end only four teams remained, operating more as semipro than professional teams. This book is a narrative history of the league from its inception with eight teams in major Southern cities until its demise three decades later. This list is meant to give readers and researchers a glimpse of the talent and to show how much research still needs to be done to tell their story. Anyone can look up the history of the Braves and their . Atlanta Nights Quick View. [/fn] Most of the players continued to play in the city league, which in 1933 was flourishing, led by the East City Blues and their star first baseman, Red Moore. Parade of Progress of Colored Atlanta Film, 1938. . . Many of the early ball players joined the club from the local colleges, including Morris Brown and Morehouse. Black Baseball in Kansas City Negro League Baseball NY Black Yankees Knit Beanie Hat 21019A New. Atlanta Black Crackers (Baseball team) - Social Networks ... Digital Content Contributor. Atlanta Black Crackers (Baseball team) - LC Linked Data ... $ 27.98 ATL Black Crackers Snapback $ 27.98 . This uniform will be available under the Atlanta Braves ("26l" slot) and will work with MVP 08 and Thespungo's 2010 uniform releases without overwriting anything. [/fn], Harden’s first season in 1937 saw his team revive a lot of interest in Southern black baseball as his players traveled north and showed that they could compete with the Negro National League (NNL) clubs. Pelham, during the season, would hit anywhere from 30 or more home runs. Of Monarchs and Black Barons: Essays on Baseball's Negro Leagues Strat-O-Matic 365 The Atlanta Black Crackers began as the Atlanta Cubs in 1919. Year City Name W L Pct GB Place Playoffs; 2054: Atlanta: Black Crackers: 22: 28.440: 6.5: 6-2053: Atlanta: Black Crackers: 69: 91.431: 24.0: 6-2052: Atlanta: Black . But what happens after the world leaves and at what cost to the community? With the verbal support of his widow, the other owners tried to keep his dream alive. Thus the club could not find enough good players to field a team, and without a strong team they could not afford the rental fees for a park. Follow From Georgia PBS: During the early 1900's, the Negro Baseball League's Atlanta Black Crackers rented out a field from the all-white Atlanta Crackers, including the team's 1938 championship season. Atlanta Black Crackers Baseball Gear | Sports Apparel | In ... Some say that Kansas City has the best black baseball, blues, and "Q" in the nation. Buy. In 1938 they had their most prominent season, playing in the Negro American League and going 21-14, including the second-half title. Atlanta Black Crackers; Baltimore Elite Giants; Birmingham Black Barons; Chicago American Giants; Cuban X-Giants; Detroit Stars; Hilldale Club; Homestead Grays; Indianapolis ABCs; Indianapolis Clowns; Kansas City Monarchs; Memphis Red Sox; New York Cubans; Newark Eagles; Philadelphia Stars; Pittsburgh Crawfords As treasurer, Harden hoped to work with Jackson to create a favorable schedule for his Crackers. Sale NUKE LALOOSH #37 DURHAM BULLS JERSEY. After another three-year period of no professional Black baseball in Atlanta, the Black Crackers came back strong. This avenue was the heart and soul of the African American community in Atlanta. They played in a three-team doubleheader at Yankee Stadium in August, taking on the St. Louis Stars and the New York Black Yankees. Donald Reeves, a big, tall, strong athlete from Clark [Atlanta] University, was hitting around 30-45 home runs. Atlanta Black Cracker's Historic Practice Field to be ... Sale CHICO'S BAIL BONDS BAD NEWS BEARS JERSEY. The Crackers won one of the three games, and the series marked the first time in Atlanta history that . Player stats include league games, interleague games (against major Negro League competition), and games against select top-level independent Black Baseball teams. "The story of the Atlanta Black Crackers is beginning to be elevated a little bit more as well as the story of Bush Mountain and the Bush Mountain community and the outdoor activity center," Dr. Jelks said. Here you can get a variety of diverse Atlanta Black Crackers hats that suit any size. Player stats do not include the extensive amount of exhibitions and barnstorming games . They paid the Crackers’ general manager Frank Reynolds to use the ballpark while the all-White team was traveling. Year(s): 1938 Atlanta Black Crackers: This Southern based team concentrated their play in Birmingham, Nashville, Little Rock, New Orleans, Mobile, Memphis and Chattanooga. Atlanta Black Crackers oral history interviews, 1973-1974. Here on these grounds at Ponce de Leon Baseball Park, the Atlanta Crackers and the Atlanta Black Crackers began a tradition of . A pitcher with a high FB rate is more likely to be homer prone. The Atlanta Black Crackers officially joined the Negro Southern League (NSL) in 1920 along with the Jacksonville Red Caps, the Montgomery Grey Sox, the Birmingham Black Barons, Memphis Red Sox, Nashville Elite Giants, and the New Orleans Crescent Stars. Led by some big bats and a stellar pitching staff, the Black Crackers won both halves of the season and were declared the NSL champions. Baker. FIP is expressed numerically the same as ERA. He thought that the Crackers might have been the best team that the Giants had faced that season. Barnstorming and playing league contests during the 1946 season kept the Black Crackers alive and hoping for a good 1947 team, under new management. The opening-day gala started with a band concert that the club hoped would attract 12,000 fans. They was a big name in baseball.”[fn]Ed Gordon, interview with George McFadden, NPR, 2005. Buy. Atlanta's baseball history is dominated by names such as Hank Aaron, John Smoltz, Greg Maddux, Dale Murphy, and Chipper Jones. [/fn] Even with good fan support the Black Crackers struggled, because they could not afford to travel north to play the major Negro League teams, and those teams did not regularly include a swing through the South in their season schedule. It excludes balls hit into the field of play. Atlanta Black Crackers . $6.99 shipping. The Hardens purchased the team after seeing games in town and hearing the lively discussions of Atlanta baseball players who congregated at their filling station. By early August their season was over. Their uniforms, bats, and other supplies were donated by their white counterparts. They enjoyed immediate success when they won the second-half championship before losing two games of the playoff series to the Memphis Red Sox, the first-half winners. “I believe had it not been for these ball players and this team, baseball here in Atlanta during this era would have died or gone out of business.”. $23.76. Explore Atlanta History online–all in one place. They were primarily a minor Negro league team; however in the brief period they played as a major Negro league team, they won the second half of the 1938 split-season but lost the play-off for . [fn]“Black Crackers Get Second Straight Win Over Black Barons,” Atlanta Constitution, 8 July 1921, 10; Kuhn, Living Atlanta, 272. This part of the story of Atlanta’s baseball needs to be taken out of the shadows and added to the city’s story. (COURTESY OF THE NEGRO LEAGUES BASEBALL MUSEUM), Insurance man W. J. [fn]“Homestead Grays at Forbes Field Friday Night,” Monessen Daily Independent, 23 July 1945, 5; “Atlanta and Ashville Negro Clubs Meet at Stadium Sat. "This is the story of the lost era between the Babe and Jackie, of a crusading journalist named Sam Lacy, an immensely talented black ballplayer named Buck Leonard, and a stubborn major league owner named Clark Griffith. Though both were small of stature, the two men nonetheless became giants of the game with unassailable mutual trust and loyalty. The Colonel and Hug tells the story of how these two men transformed the Yankees. [fn]Kuhn, Living Atlanta, 270. Reporter Ric Roberts added to this praise by claiming that the Crackers’ top two twirlers, Ping Burke and Ewelosh Howard, could match the great Satchel Paige pitch for pitch. $ 39.99. As the community of Black baseball players began their new struggle for representation and success within integrated teams, the clubs of the Negro Leagues slowly lost attention and success. “In some towns, they had White ballparks and frequently Negro baseball teams weren’t allowed to play in those parks,” Kemp said. The Atlanta Black Crackers posing for a team photo before a game. Harden decided to move the club back to Atlanta late in the year, and the owners of the league kicked him out for the move. Kenneth's Glorious Team. After the 1928 season, there was no consistent Black professional baseball team in Atlanta. This small volume is a compilation of ten interviews and stories selected from the pages of Black Ball News which capture the distinct character of professional black baseball, particularly as it existed in the South, and present an ... Atlanta Black Crackers - Negro Leagues Baseball jersey. Add to cart. He thought some new talent and big names might help draw in the fans. Product Care - Hand wash Only . Players were paid a $350 salary per month, a much higher wage than most Atlanta Blacks were making at the time. The team was founded when a group of local businessmen recruited athletes from local Black colleges and universities such as Morris Brown College and Morehouse College, along with Atlanta baseball players. View as: Grid . $12.95 . The Great Depression in 1932 caused the demise of several Black teams, and the Negro Southern League spent a few years in hiatus. The new club got off to a rough start and never recovered, forcing the league to abandon the team in July. Provides the history of amateur and minor league baseball in Atlanta following the career of the Atlanta Crackers, including player interviews, photographs, and statistics. That same year, the Atlanta Black Crackers joined the Negro Southern League which was a subgroup of professional Black baseball teams under the greater umbrella known as the Negro Leagues. As attendance and revenue declined, the Crackers threatened to remove the privilege of Sunday baseball at Ponce de Leon Park. “So, we had to get some place that the man had roped off and play—in those days we called them ‘cow pastures.’”. The strong play of center fielder Red Hadley, who had also played football at Morris Brown, helped the Crackers win. [/fn] While no final-season records have been found, the Black Crackers further solidified their reputation as one of the finest Southern ballclubs in the country with solid play against a range of opponents such as the Birmingham Black Barons, the Indianapolis Clowns, the Jacksonville Eagles, and others. 5/10/20%: 5% until Game 42 is played, 10% after that until Game 81 is played, and 20% after that. Although they spent much of the season on the road, where they made better money due to larger crowds and not having to pay to lease ballparks, their financial struggles caused the team to dissolve before the end of the season. This would be the last season for this Atlanta ballclub, as black baseball gave way to the integration of the major leagues and the growth of television, which allowed fans to follow their favorite players wherever they played. $60.00. Images of Baseball: Baseball in Memphis highlights the history of the Chicks and the Redbirds and pays homage to the original amateur Chickasaws, the Red Sox, and the Blues. Southern Yankees, 2002: t.p. Atlanta had a significant black population who had to entertain themselves separately. or Best Offer. [/fn] Manager Sammy Haynes guided the team to their early-season triumphs and brought back most of the team intact for the 1946 season, when they hoped to repeat their initial success. [fn]Ibid., 10; Bill Banks, “Extra Innings,” Atlanta (March 2007), 114; “Atlanta Black Crackers Boast ‘Colored Babe Ruth,’” Milwaukee Sentinel, 9 August 1938. Atlanta Black Crackers. Atlanta Black Crackers . One size fits most, adjustable Velcro strap. $15.12. “In New York, we played some team, and I think we were the first Black team to have played some of those white fellas because of the reaction,” Moore said. Despite this failure, baseball play among Black players continued in local sandlot and semi-pro clubs. Found inside – Page 209and helped the Atlanta Black Crackers become the first Atlanta team in any major league sport to win a championship. Although winning his greatest acclaim with his superb defensive skills, the left-handed batsman also had some good ... Bell won 15 games for the team in 1948. Regular . Statistics. The team was originally formed as the Atlanta Cubs, a semi-professional team made of college students … Read MoreThe Atlanta Black Crackers (1919-1939) ATLANTA BLACK CRACKERS #10 NEGRO LEAGUE JERSEY. [fn]Joyce, Atlanta Black Crackers, 73–74. Hank Aaron 40th Anniversary of 715th Home Run Collector Patch . 28% Off. In both seasons, clean-up hitter Lomax “Fence Bustin’” Davis led the team offensively while southpaw Robert Branson anchored the pitching staff, relying on the solid play calling of catcher Harry Barnes. Atlanta Black Crackers: Active Roster: Actual Ratings. By the end of the season, the team changed its name to the Atlanta Black Crackers after the city's white minor league team, the Atlanta Crackers. But today, one would regard this as very strange—a Black baseball team calling themselves the crackers.”, Atlanta Black Crackers replica jersey, Kenan Research Center, Atlanta History Center. Arrow Contract icon. Regular price $109.95 now $54.95. Originally known as the Atlanta Cubs, the Black Crackers would eventually join the Negro American League in 1938, but that would only last a single season. The Atlanta Black Crackers were a Negro League baseball team based in Atlanta, Georgia. A lively illustrated introduction to the Negro League equivalent of the All-Star Game discusses the history of the games, as well as the colorful cast of promoters, gamblers, and hucksters who made it happen. Original. [/fn], In 1945, Harden had the luxury of being invited to join two leagues. Northern African American papers such as the Defender and Courier did not tend to cover the NSL teams unless they were playing one of the major black teams. Big Boy Headgear. In the early 20th century, participants could win gold medals for art and literature alongside their athletic counterparts. A crowd-funding campaign to turn that space into … Continue reading » All Leagues; Available Leagues; Mentor Leagues; Major League Baseball (MLB) How to Play; Forums . The story of any Olympic Games includes the efforts of civic activism on the part of residents of the host city. The Black Bruins chronicles the inspirational lives of five African American athletes who faced racial discrimination as teammates at UCLA in the late 1930s. These reunions and other such gatherings have also helped rekindle an interest in the history of black baseball in Atlanta and the rest of the country. [/fn] Their best play of the season came in August, when they beat the Monarchs in four straight contests. Atlanta Black Crackers '38 mini helmet. Price. The field where they practiced, however, was their own and efforts to preserve it are currently underway. We had access to the park. Add to Cart. The Panthers managed to survive through the beginning of the 1931 season before the worsening depression led to them shutting down. The Black Crackers’ fine play carried over into 1948 under their manager Curry and their sensational rookie pitcher “Double Duty” Wyndner, an 18-year-old phenom. “The Hardens made it their business to keep a good team in Atlanta to play when the White Crackers were out of town,” said Joel Smith, a sports journalist who covered the team for the Atlanta Daily World. Atlanta’s baseball history is dominated by names such as Hank Aaron, John Smoltz, Greg Maddux, Dale Murphy, and Chipper Jones. They traveled by car instead of rail as a cost-saving measure. [fn]Atlanta Constitution, 14 September 1918.[/fn]. He came back to lead the Crackers to victory in the second game of the doubleheader, taking over in the third inning as the Black Crackers won 5–3. He ran the team on a shoestring budget with twelve players and handme-down equipment and uniforms from the white Crackers team. Your Franchise; Create a team; CM Tools; Leagues . Harden made other changes as well. $26.00. The weekly Atlanta Daily World did not start coverage until 1928 and did not become a daily until 1932. . Baker left for Utah, taking his financial support with him, and Harden gave up because of his financial losses. [/fn], By 1943, the Crackers seemed to be back on track with a solid group of young players led by their flashy shortstop, Harvey Young from Baltimore. A decade later, the Black Crackers gained a new pair of owners: John Harden, the owner of a filling station on Auburn Avenue, and his wife, Billie. The 16 featured teams below were selected after consultation with John Thorn, the Official Historian for MLB, and other Negro Leagues experts. Atlanta Black Star is a narrative company. Managed by Nish Williams, the team was . Though Negro League teams such as the Atlanta Black Crackers faded into obscurity, the effects of their contributions to baseball in Atlanta can still be felt today and should continue to be acknowledged. Atlanta Black Crackers. Pittsburgh Crawfords. The Black Crackers’ games at Ponce de Leon Ballpark attracted solid crowds, including white fans. The list that follows is not complete.[fn]31. From Ponce de Leon Park to the streets of Georgia, go back in time with the latest Atlanta Black Crackers Negro League Baseball hats by New Era Cap. Despite Jim Crow era mores, when the Atlanta Black Crackers played at Ponce de Leon, the team had a level of access that was beyond the norm at that time. That team consisted of Atlanta players and college athletes brought together by a group of local businessmen. Atlanta Black Crackers Retro Logo Pennant. It's In the Action is a record of a life dedicated to selflessness and morality, qualities achieved by Vivian that we can all aspire to. Big Boy Atlanta Black Crackers Legends S45 Mens Baseball Cap. Atlanta Black Crackers Shirt XL New Negro Baseball Leagues NLBM NWT. The Atlanta Black Crackers were a professional Negro league baseball team which played during the mid-20th century. The Atlanta Black Crackers began as the Atlanta Cubs in 1919. Those who protested MLB’s decision did so because a conversation about politics and race felt like an unnatural corruption of America’s favorite pastime. $4.98 shipping. Peek and George Strickland. "Atlanta Black Crackers Make New York Debut Sunday," Afro-American, 14 August 1943; "Colored Game Here Tonight," Gastonia Daily Gazette, 22 July 1943, 9; Joyce, Atlanta Black Crackers, 83-84; Stephen J. Due to eligibility problems for the college players on the team, no potential owner could form a strong enough team to return to league play. As a result, the Black Crackers played all but one season outside the major Negro Leagues and spent much of their playing time traveling to wherever a paying gig could be found. Atlanta Black Crackers before a game. Harden, whose gas station was located on Auburn Avenue, got into the action due to a local feud over who had the rights to use the Black Cracker name. The Atlanta Black Crackers played two seasons in the high Negro Leagues, the one now being recognized by Major League Baseball, in 1932 and 1938. Interest in Black southern baseball flourished as the Black Crackers faced teams in the northern Negro National League. Atlanta Black Crackers: Active Roster: Actual Ratings. Entrepreneur W.J. When the Negro Southern League (NSL) formed in 1920, the Black Crackers became members, paying the $200 franchise fee and hoping for a successful first season. To keep the park owners happy, Harden encouraged the Crackers ownership to book other teams into Ponce de Leon Park when there were open dates. $ 30 . Although the team played mostly in the Negro Southern League, during their one year venture (1938) in the Negro American League, they won the second half championship. [fn]Joyce, Atlanta Black Crackers, 29–30.[/fn]. Atlanta Black Crackers - Unisex Premium Hoodie. The Atlanta History Center and Black Mecca Tours of the South celebrate Black History Month. Big Boy Headgear. SKU: NLEG145BC-WHT; Shipping: Add To Cart. During the Olympic Games, hosts invite the world into their cities. Found inside – Page 162In 1947, he returned to the Negro Leagues, playing with the Atlanta Black Crackers. The Black Crackers played their home games at Ponce DeLeon Park, in Atlanta's East Point area.84 Zapp was described as “a great long-ball hitter” for ... In the end only four teams remained, operating more as semipro than professional teams. This book is a narrative history of the league from its inception with eight teams in major Southern cities until its demise three decades later. While not a success on the field, the Black Crackers proved that a team could survive in Atlanta. A Michigan writer before a game in Benton Harbor described the Stars as “loaded in the pitching department and bringing in themselves an array of fine hitters.”[fn]“Colored Nine Will Invade Colony Park,” News-Palladium, 12 July 1949, 10. Felix Manning pitched a no-hitter against the St. Louis Stars and won 5–0. The Atlanta Braves, Delta Airlines and community members joined together to refurbish the historic Atlanta Black Crackers practice field and to plant more seeds of history in the Bush Mountain . The home opener looked promising: the Crackers beat the Memphis Red Sox 7–6. [/fn] These were opportunities for the city to say thanks for the fine talent of the Black Crackers and other local black teams who played in the city for over 30 years. The Negro Leagues as a whole were still taking shape, and the Atlanta Black Crackers seemed eager to try and fill any open cracks that might emerge as the various leagues would regularly add . Peek tried again in 1930 to revive baseball with a team called the Black Panthers, but most players were content playing in the local city league. The league had wanted the club to move to Cleveland, but Harden refused. Eventually financial issues forced the Hardens to disband the team in 1940. Emory University Library, Special Collect Department: referencedIn: Jones, J. Richardson, 1901-1948. Atlanta Black Crackers Baseball. The weekend celebration was called the “Living Legends of Baseball.” Players were honored between games at Atlanta Fulton County Stadium. $21.56. The team’s first owner was W.B. 1 Item(s) Show. $6.99 shipping. The Black Crackers joined the NSL in place of the Danville Aces, but by midseason they had gone back to barnstorming as a more lucrative opportunity. Ponce De Leon Park, home of the Atlanta Crackers, became home to another team shortly after the 1919 season began: the Atlanta Cubs, the predecessor to the Black Crackers. One of the players present was Chico Renfroe, who helped push the idea for the celebration. A big victory and larger payday helped end that threat at mid-season. Found inside – Page 171For the story of baseball in Atlanta, see Kuhn, Living Atlanta, 263–73 and especially Joyce, “Atlanta Black Crackers.” The habit of attending Crackers games was hardly helped by the fact that blacks were sometimes spat on from the white ... The infield was anchored by Gabby Kemp, a former football star from Morris Brown who also managed the club, while the outfield had speedsters who could cover a lot of ground. By the end of the team’s second season in 1921—despite some impressive wins, a higher income from larger crowds, and money saved by travelling to other ballparks—financial issues led to the team’s dissolution. Fans did on occasion get the opportunity to witness big-league-caliber play when Negro League teams came to town. The plaque reads as follows: Ponce de Leon Ball Park 1908-1966. See more ideas about negro league baseball, atlanta, negro. When the Atlanta Black Crackers were not in Atlanta, they would play games against Negro League teams and exhibition games against white teams. Numbers and a uniform select screen are included as well. VINTAGE Atlanta Black Crackers Negro League Baseball Size 6 5/8 Fitted Cap Hat. Do you find this information helpful? LESLIE HEAPHY, associate professor of history at Kent State University, Stark Campus, has written or edited four books on the Negro Leagues and women’s baseball. [fn]“Chattanooga Loses to Black Crackers,” Atlanta Constitution, 4 May 1927, 8. May 5, 2017 - Explore Teambrown Apparel's board "Atlanta Black Crackers (Negro Leagues Baseball)" on Pinterest. Get your Baseball Gear. The Atlanta Grey Sox made a short-lived league attempt in 1928, but they only played a few games before financial troubles closed them down. New Releases. 00. After securing interest from other local businessmen, he decided to try again in 1936 but would use local talent and try to find another park to lease. Large crowds did not always come out to see the Black Crackers play the Homestead Grays, Cleveland Buckeyes, and other Negro League opponents. There were various attempts to create new teams, but all failed due to disinterest from players or financial troubles. $28.12 $ 28. Phone: 602.496.1460 Even with the history of struggles for Atlanta’s black baseball teams, the NSL granted the city another franchise in 1932. This explosive new book challenges many of the long-prevailing assumptions about blacks, about Jews, about Germans, about slavery, and about education. Negro Southeastern League, moved to NSL, replacing Gadsden c. May 7. The Braves also dominated their division in the 1990s, but that is only a small part of Atlanta's long and . The local white baseball team was called the Atlanta Crackers so beginning in 1919 the Cubs changed their name to the Atlanta Black Crackers because local fans had unofficially adopted that name for them. He financed much of the team with the profits from a social club that he owned on Auburn Avenue. From BR Bullpen. 1938. Throughout the tenure of the team, they won seven Southern Association League titles, and are recognized as one of the more successful franchises in minor league history. They began the season with a 9–6 victory over the Cincinnati Clowns. The club was founded in 1919, by a group of local businessmen and began their first season as the Atlanta Cubs. 4.9 out of 5 stars 20. Former player George McFadden explained why people should be interested in the Crackers in a 2005 interview, saying, “I shut out the Atlanta Black Crackers, and they had a big name. Other businessmen were interested in owning the rights to the team, but Harden won the day, and by 1938, the team was winning. Don Pelham, called by some the “Colored Ruth,” took care of the left-field duties, and Don Reeves, a graduate of Clark University, tracked down the ball in right field. The Atlanta Black Crackers, originally called the Atlanta Cubs, were a Negro League baseball team that played from 1919 to 1952. A stirring tribute to the human drama, legendary heroes, infamous owners, low pay, and long bus rides that were the Negro Leagues. A 1995 Coretta Scott King Honor Book.

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