Entdecke die 10 Episoden aus Staffel 1 der Serie Berlin Station. The Geschwader could be either fighter or bomber units. A fighter Schwarm (four aircraft) was divided into two Rotten (singular: Rotte, "pack") of two aircraft, equivalent to a pair in the English-speaking world. Each Staffel (plural Staffeln) usually had nine to 12 aircraft and was commanded by a Hauptmann or Oberleutnant . Before becoming head of the Luftwaffe, Göring was Interior Minister of Prussia. In the Luftwaffe, there were centralized regulations on field camouflage patterns. For units under Luftwaffengruppenkommando Ostpreußen, the third digit was replaced with a zero. Luftgau Belgien-Nordfrankreich was headquartered in Brussels and responsible for Belgium and northern France. Later on, during the period of rapid rearmament, the Luftwaffe was organized more in a geographical fashion. Due to his political differences with the army leadership, he raised his own police force as Prussian Minister of the Interior. Within the Air Ministry, for administration purposes, the Luftwaffe was organized into Luftgaue (Air Districts), based on the army's Wehrkreis ("military districts"). Berlin Station -- bitte wählen -- 2018-2019 | Folgen 21-30 2017 | Folgen 11-20 2015-2016 | … Others had as few as five or six aircraft due to losses. As the war went on, some of the units under its command were used for operational purposes. Berlin Station: Season 1 (Trailer) Episodes Berlin Station. [11], At the start of the war the Luftwaffe had four Luftflotten, each responsible for roughly a quarter of Germany. These numbers varied as sub-units were added or removed. Night units of both fighters and bombers tended to color their aircraft completely black with a light brown or light gray pattern. The commander of each Luftflotte was responsible for all fighter as well as support operations within that region. Douglas Bader, the British pilot, was the first RAF leader to adopt the "Finger four" formation in 1940. Rip Hunter - Arthur Darvill; Captain Cold - Wentworth Miller They were: So-named Aufklärungsgruppe reconnaissance units existed in two basic forms for the Luftwaffe in World War II: Maritime-involved Gruppe-sized units of the Luftwaffe involved: Other types of Gruppe-sized units of various types existed within the Luftwaffe structure as well: Each Gruppe comprised three or four Staffeln, but by late 1944 a fourth Staffel was usually added to fighter units, making the established strength of the unit approximately 65 to 70 aircraft, although during the war years operational strength tended to fluctuate greatly. Typically there were three Gruppen (groups) under each Geschwader and sometimes a fourth or even a fifth gruppe was added to single engine fighter geschwader. Übersicht; Video; Episoden. The commanding officer of a Staffel was known as a Staffelkapitän and had the rank of Hauptmann, Oberleutnant or sometimes Leutnant. On the Eastern Front, they were officially banned in later years as they provided intelligence to the enemy. In 1945, close to the end of the war, Robert Ritter von Greim replaced Göring as Commander in Chief. He eventually included a tank regiment (Fallschirm-Panzer Division), Flak units and a signals regiment (German: Luftnachrichten Regiment) under the Luftwaffe umbrella. Their area of operations also included civilian airfields and Civil Air Defense. 37, 188, Boog, Krebs and Vogel, (2006) pp. But the fighting strength was only 2,779. The focus and role of the Luftwaffe became one of ground support for the German Army during its Lightning War (German: Blitzkrieg) campaigns. Flying units used the services of a Luftgau through Flughafenbereichkommandanturen (Airfield Regional Commands). Multiple political acts and the consequent need for a show of strength forced the Luftwaffe to be in a perpetual state of readiness. In order to achieve this, another division called Fallschirm-Panzergrenadier Division 2 Hermann Göring was formed. For example, section 3 of Luftgau VI would be designated '3/VI'. [23], By the end of April 1939, another Luftwaffengruppenkommando was added. The other Rotte was on the right wingtip of the leader. A Gruppe usually occupied one airfield. Jagd-Divisionen (fighter divisions) were active at one point or other during this period. This was continued for the rest of theGruppen. [29][30], Each Geschwader was commanded by a Geschwaderkommodore. Those of Gruppe II would be numbered 4, 5 and 6. The flanks came in two regulation dimension formats, with much narrower flanks before July 1939 used in all six positions on an airframe — a wider-flanked variation, for use underneath wings and on the fuselage sides, came into use from July 1939 onwards. This resulted in the air force having to learn from experience rather than the classroom. Those Luftgaue established within Germany were numbered non-consecutively with Roman numerals.[2][24]. The code tended (though not always), to be omitted altogether by 1945. On several occasions, day fighter Geschwader or Jagdgeschwader were formed with four Gruppe strength from start. The battalions were variously organized into regiments (Flak-Regimenter), brigades (Flak-Brigaden e.g. This strength had grown to 1,700,000 by 1941. This was usually the letter D (for Deutschland) national identification letter in use from before 1928, followed by three or four numbers. It was painted on the fuselage about halfway between the wing and the tail and on the upper and lower sides of each wing. (Schwere) Flak-Abteilung (Heavy Anti-Aircraft Artillery Battalion), II. It was responsible for the co-ordinated effort of the three military arms. [62], Geschwader combat wings, other than day fighters, during the war usually bore a four-character identification code, starting with a two-character alphanumeric Geschwaderkennung [de] ("wing code", a code unique to each Geschwader) to the left of the national Balkenkreuz marking and two letters to the right, signifying the individual aircraft's letter within its Staffel as the third letter and the Staffel-designating letter within the Geschwader as the fourth and last letter. In Germany itself, the Balkenkreuz was once again used as the national insignia on the fuselage and wings in six locations, initially with a very narrow set of four white "flanks", which were widened around 1938–39, with the usual Hakenkreuz on the vertical tail surfaces, usually on the fixed fin, but sometimes instead on the rudder (as done on some Arado-designed aircraft) and on airframe designs that either had a small fin or one braced with struts. Each battalion consisted of three light companies and one heavy company. However, on returning home, they had to revert to the standard "V" formation. Following the tradition of putting a soldier in charge of the army and a sailor in charge of the navy, an aviator was designated to lead the Luftwaffe: Reichsmarschall Herman Göring, also the cabinet minister for aviation. [56], Identification markings and camouflage schemes, Not to be confused with Göring's formation of the, Buell, Griess, Bradley and Dice, (2002) p. 14, United States War Dept., (1995) pp. It was strategically divided into eight directorates (German: Abteilungen) numbered consecutively. Aircraft markings were used to distinguish friend from foe. Colonel General (German: Generaloberst) Hans Jeschonnek was appointed Chief of Staff of the OKL. [10], The OKL, as the operational branch of the RLM, had complete control over unit movements, formation and personnel transfers. They also had a headquarters company and one signals platoon. The staff of this division were required to have prior combat experience. During the Spanish Civil War, where the Luftwaffe participated through the Condor Legion, aircraft were repainted with a white Andrea's Cross in a black circle. They were promoted to General der Flieger. 1. [1] Ähnlich wie die fünfte Staffel der Serie Homeland ist die von Olen Steinhauer erdachte Serie im namensgebenden Berlin angesiedelt und wurde durch das Studio Babelsberg in Berlin und Potsdam produziert. It consisted of several Geschwader along with Reconnaissance Gruppen (Groups). As the war progressed, three more were created as the areas under German rule expanded. Other specialist staff were navigation, signals and intelligence personnel. This flexibility became apparent to the RAF during the Battle of Britain.[36][38][41]. A bomber Schwarm (at full strength, six aircraft) was divided into a Kette ("chain") of three aircraft. The number of ground staff varied depending on its type, with about 150 for a fighter unit and 80 in a bomber unit – a smaller number of personnel were required in the bomber units as many of the servicing functions were carried out by attached units provided by the local Luftgau or "Air District".[29][34]. Im deutschsprachigen Raum wurde die erste Staffel am 18. Japan also adopted[citation needed] the "Finger four" in World War II. Late in the war, the first two characters of the Geschwaderkennung code (designating the geschwader) were depicted on the fuselage sides in a much reduced size, possibly as a "low-visibility" security measure. A fighter leader (German: Jagdführer) (Jafü) was responsible for fighter operations within that region and reported to the commander.[11]. For example, Gruppe II of Jagdgeschwader 3, II./JG 3 was transferred to Jagdgeschwader 1 as Gruppe I and was re-designated I./JG 1. Bei Netflix ist ab heute die dritte Staffel der Spionage-Serie Berlin Station verfügbar. Gruppe and Staffel-sized units could also have their own unique codes of this type, most often used for reconnaissance and maritime aviationGruppen and Wekusta weather observation Staffeln, with Staffel sized units using the four-character alphanumeric code almost always using an "H" as the fourth and last character. These were usually named after and attached to a Geschwader. For example, Staffel 6 of Jagdgeschwader 27 would be designated 6./JG 27. [13][14] [7][9], As head of the Luftwaffe, Göring was responsible for the overall war effort and for the resources sent to a particular region. It had one heavy battery with three 20 mm cannons and four 88 mm guns along with twenty-seven 20 mm anti-aircraft guns. [42][43] Battery usually had four to six guns. As such, a bomber Schwarm was equivalent to a flight in the Western Allied air forces. [21][28][29][30] There were several Geschwader with the same purpose. These institutions together were responsible for the direction of research, production and overall maintenance of aircraft. It was headed by Wilhelm Keitel after he took over from war minister Werner von Blomberg in 1938. Unlike the other two forces, air power did not have past experience to draw upon. Der CIA-Analyst Daniel Miller jagt im Berliner Hauptquartier des CIA undercover einen anonymen Whistleblower, der verheerende Informationen durchsickern lässt. These were usually (although not always), experienced aircrew still flying on operations. Berlin Station (TV Series 2016–2019) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. The tail was all white with Andrea's Cross on the rudder. These included, two or three Luftgaukommandos (administrative commands), a signals command, a medical battalion and a procurement and supply group. Personnel strength varied between 35 and 150 aircrew, and 300 to 500 ground personnel. Operationally, the Luftwaffe command was shared by the Inspector of Combat Flight (German: General der Kampfflieger) and the Inspector of Fighters (German: General der Jagdflieger) along with the Secretary of State for Aviation.[8]. [47], As the Prussian Minister of the Interior, Göring formed an elite police force in early 1933. These were predominantly formed from volunteer or surplus Luftwaffe personnel. Luftflotte 5 was created in 1940 to direct operations in Norway and Denmark. Eventually Gruppe-sized Nachtschlachtgruppen were used for the same general purpose as the Soviet units. Besides the lack of training and combat experience of the Luftwaffe commanders, the army had to supply equipment to these units. [7], Göring was the cabinet minister of aviation (German: Reichsminister der Luftfahrt) during most of this period. 27. The smallest tactical unit of anti-aircraft artillery was a battery (German: Batterie). The third digit of the Unit Identifier was replaced with the same digit as its parent Luftwaffengruppenkommando. Each would have an air signals platoon, mechanical and administrative personnel. The Fliegerkorps were numbered consecutively in Roman numerals. [29], The Gruppe was the basic autonomous unit in the Luftwaffe, in both administration and strategic use.
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